KIOXIA TCG OPAL SSC Crypto Sub-Chip TC58NC1132GTC

Certificate

Approved Algorithms (7)

Derived Review-Risk Graph (review prompts, not findings)

flowchart LR
  %% Deterministic review-risk graph for KIOXIA TCG OPAL SSC Crypto Sub-Chip TC58NC1132GTC
  %% Review prompts and evidence gaps, NOT vulnerability findings.
  subgraph CMVP["CMVP-disclosed clues"]
    C2["[low] Firmware update / recovery<br/>/ rollback (referenced in<br/>text)<br/><i>Firmware Load<br/>update</i>"]
    C3["[low] Self-test / status surface<br/>(referenced in text)<br/><i>Self-Test<br/>Status Output<br/>Show Status</i>"]
    C6["[low] Operating system / runtime<br/>referenced (boundary<br/>membership not asserted)<br/><i>operating system</i>"]
  end
  subgraph Inference["Derived inference"]
    I2["Possible only, trusted<br/>code is reachable through<br/>update and recovery paths."]
    I3["Possible only, some<br/>services may process input<br/>before, or without,<br/>operator authentication."]
    I6["Possible only, a<br/>runtime/OS is referenced,<br/>but its membership in the<br/>cryptographic boundary is<br/>not established."]
  end
  subgraph Risk["Reviewer question"]
    R2["Are update images<br/>authenticated before<br/>parsing, and are<br/>downgrade/rollback paths<br/>constrained?"]
    R3["Can unauthenticated<br/>services leak state,<br/>consume resources, or<br/>transition security state?"]
    R6["If the OS/runtime is<br/>in-boundary, could its<br/>CVEs be hidden by<br/>firmware-only versioning?"]
  end
  subgraph Evidence["Evidence needed to close"]
    E2["confirm the disclosure<br/>itself (keyword hit,<br/>context unverified) ·<br/>update image format ·<br/>signature-before-parse<br/>proof · anti-rollback /<br/>downgrade policy"]
    E3["confirm the disclosure<br/>itself (keyword hit,<br/>context unverified) ·<br/>pre-auth reachability<br/>matrix · rate limits and<br/>output redaction ·<br/>abuse-case tests"]
    E6["confirm the disclosure<br/>itself (keyword hit,<br/>context unverified) ·<br/>runtime identity and<br/>config · kernel/runtime<br/>hardening profile ·<br/>patch/backport manifest"]
  end
  C2 --> I2 --> R2 --> E2
  C3 --> I3 --> R3 --> E3
  C6 --> I6 --> R6 --> E6
  classDef clue fill:#eef3f9,stroke:#6f7f91,color:#1f3a5f;
  classDef infer fill:#fff7e6,stroke:#b98500,color:#6b4e00;
  classDef risk fill:#fbe9e9,stroke:#b02a2a,color:#7a1f1f;
  classDef evidence fill:#e6f4ea,stroke:#1e7d34,color:#14532d;
  class C2,C3,C6 clue;
  class I2,I3,I6 infer;
  class R2,R3,R6 risk;
  class E2,E3,E6 evidence;

flowchart LR
  %% Deterministic clue tier for KIOXIA TCG OPAL SSC Crypto Sub-Chip TC58NC1132GTC
  %% confidence: high = structured record field; medium = structured but soft; low (dashed) = bare keyword hit, context unverified
  subgraph CMVP["CMVP-disclosed clues (deterministic)"]
    C2["[low] Firmware update / recovery / rollback (referenced in text)<br/><i>Firmware Load<br/>update</i><br/>src: text:keyword"]
    C3["[low] Self-test / status surface (referenced in text)<br/><i>Self-Test<br/>Status Output<br/>Show Status</i><br/>src: text:keyword"]
    C6["[low] Operating system / runtime referenced (boundary membership not asserted)<br/><i>operating system</i><br/>src: text:keyword"]
  end
  classDef clueHigh fill:#eef3f9,stroke:#2f6fb0,stroke-width:2px,color:#1f3a5f;
  classDef clueMedium fill:#eef3f9,stroke:#6f7f91,color:#1f3a5f;
  classDef clueLow fill:#f7f7f7,stroke:#999,stroke-dasharray:4 4,color:#444;
  class C2,C3,C6 clueLow;

Security Policy, page by page

KIOXIA TCG OPAL SSC Crypto Sub-Chip TC58NC1132GTC KIOXIA CORPORATION Rev 2.0.0

This document explains precise specification of the security rules about KIOXIA TCG OPAL SSC Crypto Sub-Chip TC58NC1132GTC. The Cryptographic Module (CM) meets the requirements of FIPS 140-3 Security Level 2 Overall. The Table below shows the security level detail. Table 1 ‐ Security Levels This document is non-proprietary and may be reproduced in its original entirety. Section 1.1 - Acronyms

Section 2

• Cryptographic Module Specification KIOXIA TCG OPAL SSC Crypto Sub-Chip TC58NC1132GTC (listed in Section2.1 Product Version) is used for solid state drive data security. The CM is a single chip hardware module implemented as a sub-chip compliant with IG 2.3.B in the TC58NC1132GTC 0003 SoC (see Figure 1 in Section 7). Overall Security Rating of the CM is Level2 (See Table 1 in Section 1 for individual security area levels). The CM is intended to be used by being embedded in TCG OPAL compliant solid state drive. The CM provides various cryptographic services using approved algorithms. The CM has multiple functions, but they do not support the degraded operation. The physical boundary of the CM is the TC58NC1132GTC 0003 SoC and the logical boundary of the CM is The CM has one approved mode of operation and CM is always in approved mode of operation after initial operations are performed (See Section 11). In approved mode, the CM provides services defined in Table 7 in Section 4.2. Section 2.1
• Product Version The CM are validated with the following versions: Table 2 ‐ Cryptographic Module Tested Configuration Section 2.2
• Security Functions The CM executes following approved algorithms:

Table 3 ‐ Approved Algorithm The CM does not implement any Non-Approved Algorithms Allowed in the Approved Mode of Operation. ECB mode is used as a prerequisite of XTS mode. ECB is not directly used in services of the Cryptographic Module. The CM performs a check that the XTS Key1 and XTS Key2 are different

Section 2.3

• Module Configuration Overview block diagram of the CM is shown below. Figure 1
• Configuration of module and peripheral components Components of the CM is shown with gray background include processor and memories (volatile and non-volatile memory) and HW circuitry for cryptographic processing. Physical ports bordering outside the CM’s boundary and the data passing over them are also indicated (see Section 3 for details on physical ports and interfaces). Section 3
• Cryptographic Module Interface Note: Control output is omitted in the table above because the CM does not implement this type of interface. Table 4 ‐ Ports and Interface

Section 4 – Roles Services and Authentication The relation between Roles and Services in this CM is shown below. external firmware is verified (RSASSA-PKCS#1-v1_5).

… … … … Table 5 ‐ Roles, Service Commands, Input and output

The CM supports the configuration of roles and services. The authenticated operator is expected to configure locked bands for data storage, the associated role and the lock-based authentication data (PIN) per Table 6 (refer to section 11 for detail settings to maintain secure operation). Bands that are not configured are considered unprotected or plaintext. This configuration enables Data Read/Write service using the lock-based authentication model (IG 4.1.A). To Read/Write data from/to each band, an operator must unlock the bands with appropriate authenticated roles. Once the bands are unlocked, Read and Write access to the bands must be controlled by a trusted operator outside of the module who has been authenticated as the associated role until powered off. The module prevents Data read/write service for locked bands. If Read and Write access needs to be inhibited prior to power off, the operator who authenticates the role must set the bands to the locked state again. Section 4.1 – Roles and Authentication This section describes roles, authentication method, and strength of authentication. … … … … … … Table 6 ‐ Identification and Authentication Policy The CM performs role authentication by comparing whether the PIN entered by the user matches the information stored inside the CM. PINs are hashed with SHA-256 to store them on the CM. The PIN entered by the user is hashed and compared to the stored PIN hash. PINs can be changed by executing the Set PIN Service (see Section4.2) with appropriate roles authenticated. The CM refuses to set a PIN less than 8 bytes, and responds with an error if such a setting is attempted. Therefore the probability that a random attempt will succeed is 1 / 264 <

1 / 1,000,000 (the CM accepts any value (0x00-0xFF) as each byte of PIN). The CM waits 2sec

when authentication attempt fails, so the maximum number of authentication attempts is 30

times in 1 min. Consequently the probability that random attempts in 1min will succeed is 30 /

The Roles of AdminSP.Admin1, LockingSP.Admin2-4 and LockingSP.User1-192 are set initial authentication data to null (means data of length 0). These role’s authentication data are need to be replaced upon the first-time authentication. Otherwise, the operator who assumes these role cannot execute services except Set PIN and services that does not need authorized roles. Section 4.2 – Services This section describes services which the CM provides.

3 The letters (G, R, W, E, Z) mean Generate, Read, Write, Execute and Zeroise respectively.

+1” , 1-4 Only the CMVP validated version is to be used

Zeroisation         Erase SSPs.                N/A               RKey             None6              Z         Mailbox

6 Need to input PSID, which is public drive-unique value used for the zeroisation service.

Reset

Power-OFF: Delete SSPs in RAM. Power-ON: Runs various self-tests to be performed at power-on ( POSTs, CASTs, Firmware Load test ) and generate / import some SSPs.

N/A

System MAC Key System Enc Key KDK MEKs PINs DRBG Internal Value PubKey1

Z Z Z Z Z Z Z

N/A

KDK Z command result v1_5 N/A power-on ( POSTs, Entropy Source DRBG Seed G KTS KDK W Note 1: “CKG(Hash_DRBG)” means direct use of Hash_DRBG output as a key. Table 7 ‐ Approved services Section 5 – Software/Firmware Security Firmware Security of components in this CM is shown below. ROM Code: ・ Form of the executable code: ELF format ・ Integrity verification method: 32bit CRC ・ Method for integrity test on demand: Power cycling Firmware image (User Code): ・ Form of the executable code: ELF format ・ Integrity verification method: Approved signature verification (RSASSA-PKCS#1-v1_5, see table 3) ・ Method for integrity test on demand: Power cycling

Section 6

• Operational Environment Operational Environment requirements are not applicable because the CM does not employ operating systems and operates in a non-modifiable environment that is the CM cannot be modified and no code can be added or deleted. The CM is a sub-chip enclosed in a single chip that is an opaque package. Gathering information of the module’s internal construction or components is impossible without forcing the package to open. In this case, it is confirmed package damage as a tamper-evidence. Operators of the CM can ensure that the physical security is maintained to confirm the package has no obvious attack damage. If the operator discovers tamper evidence, the CM should be removed. Front Back Figure 1 - TC58NC1132GTC 0003 SoC Section 8
• Non-invasive security The CM does not apply Non-invasive security.

Section 9 – Sensitive security parameter management The CM uses keys and SSPs in the following table. 4)

7 The following service are applicable, Cryptographic Erase, Cryptographic Erase for Band of

Single User Mode, Cryptographic Erase and Initialize Band State, Set Band Position and Size, Set Band Position and Size for Band of Single User Mode, Revert, Sanitize, Format Namespace, Namespace Create/Delete and Band Set Enable.

PubKey1

RSA (#C2009)

Electric input

Imported during FW load.

Power-on FW Download service

Plaintext in RAM Hashed in OTP

Implicit Power-Off (Data in RAM)

Signature verification.

Table 9 ‐ SSPs Table 10 ‐ Non-Deterministic Random Number Generation Specification For the Entropy Source listed in the table above, self-tests are performed each time before data is obtained (see Section 10 for details of these self-tests). When these tests detect that the Entropy Source cannot generate the sufficient amount of entropy, the CM is transient to error state. The CM can be recovered from the error state by rebooting the module, and the obtaining several trials of reboot, the CM may be sent back to factory to recover from error state. Section 10 – Self Tests The CM runs self-tests in the following table. The Entropy Source is a hardware module inside the CM boundary. The Entropy Source supplies the Hash_DRBG with 512 bits entropy input. From Table 10 this input contains about

404 bits of entropy, which is sufficient entropy to obtain 256 bits of security strength.

loaded into the CM can be confirmed.

Table 11 ‐ Self Tests As shown in the table above, self-tests are performed automatically at the CM startup and before execution certain security functions. Operator can also initiate self-test on-demand for periodic testing by using the Reset service which is automatically invoked when the module is powered-off and powered-on (rebooted). If the self-tests fail, the CM reports error status and enters to the error state. In this case, the CM must be powered-off to clear error condition. When power-on is executed again, self-tests are also executed like an on-demand operator reset. If the CM continuously enters in error state in spite of several trials of reboot, the CM may be sent back to factory to recover from error Section 11 – Life-cycle Assurance In the SSD’s manufacturing process, installation is executed as below:

1. The Firmware described in Section 2.1 is downloaded into the CM.
2. Initial SSPs are generated.
3. Initial authentication information is set to the CM.
4. System area including SSPs generated in Step2 and Step3 are encrypted and calculated message authentication code. Initial operations to setup this CM are following:
5. Load Firmware into the CM.
6. Load system area including SSPs into the CM.
7. Execute Range state setting method.
8. Execute Download port setting method.
9. Execute Service execution state setting method.
10. Execute Namespace setting method. The CM switches to approved mode after the initial operation success. When the initial operation succeeds, the CM indicates success on the Status Output interface. Users can confirm that the CM is in approved mode by executing Show Status service and checking that the startup is successfully completed.

For secure operation, the following settings must be maintained:  Data Locking Protection is Enabled  Each Band is set to be locked when power-on. Bands that are not configured are considered unprotected or plaintext. (Refer to SSD setting procedure11 ) As described in Section 2, the CM is used by being embedded in the solid state drive. Therefore, there are no maintenance requirements for the CM alone. Guidance for this module is provided to solid state drive developers who embed the CM. The usage and maintenance of solid state drives with the CM built-in are outside of the scope of this document. Section 12 – Mitigation of Other Attacks The CM does not mitigate other attacks beyond the scope of FIPS 140-3 requirements.

11 For maintaining secure condition, the SSD needs several setting at least.

Owners of the SSD that embeds the CM must use it securely according to the followings:

1. TCG LockingSP is enabled by Activate method.
2. Both ReadLockEnabled and WriteLockEnabled are set to “True” for each band (included GlobalRange) and it must not be modified.
3. For each band, "Power Cycle" of LockOnReset setting is not change.
4. If the LockingSP has been made disabled, the Activate method is re-executed before PowerCycle is performed.