Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Kernel Cryptographic API

Certificate

Approved Algorithms (189)

Security Levels (Table 1)

Derived Review-Risk Graph (review prompts, not findings)

flowchart LR
  %% Deterministic review-risk graph for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Kernel Cryptographic API
  %% Review prompts and evidence gaps, NOT vulnerability findings.
  subgraph CMVP["CMVP-disclosed clues"]
    C2["[low] Firmware update / recovery<br/>/ rollback (referenced in<br/>text)<br/><i>Recovery</i>"]
    C3["[high] Unauthenticated /<br/>self-test / status service<br/>surface<br/><i>Encryption with AES<br/>Decryption with AES<br/>Show status</i>"]
    C5["[low] Protocol / secure-channel<br/>references (may be KDF<br/>names, not a live channel)<br/><i>IKEV<br/>IPSEC<br/>HTTPS</i>"]
    C6["[low] Operating system / runtime<br/>referenced (boundary<br/>membership not asserted)<br/><i>operating system<br/>linux<br/>kernel</i>"]
  end
  subgraph Inference["Derived inference"]
    I2["Possible only, trusted<br/>code is reachable through<br/>update and recovery paths."]
    I3["Some services may process<br/>input before, or without,<br/>operator authentication."]
    I5["Possible only, a protocol<br/>is referenced, but whether<br/>it is a live channel or<br/>only a KDF/algorithm name<br/>is unconfirmed."]
    I6["Possible only, a<br/>runtime/OS is referenced,<br/>but its membership in the<br/>cryptographic boundary is<br/>not established."]
  end
  subgraph Risk["Reviewer question"]
    R2["Are update images<br/>authenticated before<br/>parsing, and are<br/>downgrade/rollback paths<br/>constrained?"]
    R3["Can unauthenticated<br/>services leak state,<br/>consume resources, or<br/>transition security state?"]
    R5["If a live TLS/SSH/IKE<br/>channel exists, could<br/>library CVEs apply, or is<br/>this only a<br/>KDF/documentation name?"]
    R6["If the OS/runtime is<br/>in-boundary, could its<br/>CVEs be hidden by<br/>firmware-only versioning?"]
  end
  subgraph Evidence["Evidence needed to close"]
    E2["confirm the disclosure<br/>itself (keyword hit,<br/>context unverified) ·<br/>update image format ·<br/>signature-before-parse<br/>proof · anti-rollback /<br/>downgrade policy"]
    E3["pre-auth reachability<br/>matrix · rate limits and<br/>output redaction ·<br/>abuse-case tests"]
    E5["confirm the disclosure<br/>itself (keyword hit,<br/>context unverified) ·<br/>library identity and<br/>version ·<br/>certificate-validation<br/>behaviour · protocol-CVE<br/>disposition"]
    E6["confirm the disclosure<br/>itself (keyword hit,<br/>context unverified) ·<br/>runtime identity and<br/>config · kernel/runtime<br/>hardening profile ·<br/>patch/backport manifest"]
  end
  C2 --> I2 --> R2 --> E2
  C3 --> I3 --> R3 --> E3
  C5 --> I5 --> R5 --> E5
  C6 --> I6 --> R6 --> E6
  classDef clue fill:#eef3f9,stroke:#6f7f91,color:#1f3a5f;
  classDef infer fill:#fff7e6,stroke:#b98500,color:#6b4e00;
  classDef risk fill:#fbe9e9,stroke:#b02a2a,color:#7a1f1f;
  classDef evidence fill:#e6f4ea,stroke:#1e7d34,color:#14532d;
  class C2,C3,C5,C6 clue;
  class I2,I3,I5,I6 infer;
  class R2,R3,R5,R6 risk;
  class E2,E3,E5,E6 evidence;

flowchart LR
  %% Deterministic clue tier for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Kernel Cryptographic API
  %% confidence: high = structured record field; medium = structured but soft; low (dashed) = bare keyword hit, context unverified
  subgraph CMVP["CMVP-disclosed clues (deterministic)"]
    C2["[low] Firmware update / recovery / rollback (referenced in text)<br/><i>Recovery</i><br/>src: text:keyword"]
    C3["[high] Unauthenticated / self-test / status service surface<br/><i>Encryption with AES<br/>Decryption with AES<br/>Show status</i><br/>src: securityPolicy.services"]
    C5["[low] Protocol / secure-channel references (may be KDF names, not a live channel)<br/><i>IKEV<br/>IPSEC<br/>HTTPS</i><br/>src: text:keyword"]
    C6["[low] Operating system / runtime referenced (boundary membership not asserted)<br/><i>operating system<br/>linux<br/>kernel</i><br/>src: text:keyword"]
  end
  classDef clueHigh fill:#eef3f9,stroke:#2f6fb0,stroke-width:2px,color:#1f3a5f;
  classDef clueMedium fill:#eef3f9,stroke:#6f7f91,color:#1f3a5f;
  classDef clueLow fill:#f7f7f7,stroke:#999,stroke-dasharray:4 4,color:#444;
  class C2,C5,C6 clueLow;
  class C3 clueHigh;

Security Policy, page by page

Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Kernel Cryptographic API Document Version: 1.2 Last Modified: 09/03/2024 Prepared by: atsec information security corporation

Austin, TX 78759 www.atsec.com © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

© 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

© 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

This document is the non-proprietary FIPS 140-3 Security Policy for version 5.14.070.53.1.el9_0; libkcapi 1.3.1-3.el9 of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Kernel Cryptographic API module. It contains the security rules under which the module must operate and describes how this module meets the requirements as specified in FIPS PUB 140-3 (Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-3) for an overall Security Level 1 module. intact and including this notice. Other documentation is proprietary to their authors.

In preparing the Security Policy document, the laboratory formatted the vendor-supplied documentation for consolidation without altering the technical statements therein contained. The further refining of the Security Policy document was conducted iteratively throughout the conformance testing, wherein the Security Policy was submitted to the vendor, who would then edit, modify, and add technical contents. The vendor would also supply additional documentation, which the laboratory formatted into the existing Security Policy, and resubmitted to the vendor for their final editing.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

Purpose and Use: The Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Kernel Cryptographic API (hereafter referred to as “the module”) provides a C language application program interface (API) for use by other (kernel space and user space) processes that require cryptographic functionality. The module operates on a general-purpose computer as part of the Linux kernel. Its cryptographic functionality can be accessed using the Linux Kernel Crypto API. Module Type: Software Module Embodiment: MultiChipStand Module Characteristics: Cryptographic Boundary: The cryptographic boundary of the module is defined as the kernel binary and the kernel crypto object files, the libkcapi library, and the sha512hmac binary, which is used to verify the integrity of the software components. In addition, the cryptographic boundary contains the .hmac files which store the expected integrity values for each of the software components. Tested Operational Environment’s Physical Perimeter (TOEPP) [O]: The TOEPP of the module is defined as the general-purpose computer on which the module is installed. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

Tested Module Identification

• Hardware: N/A for this module. Tested Module Identification
• Software, Firmware, Hybrid (Executable Code Sets): N/A Table 2: Tested Module Identification
• Software, Firmware, Hybrid (Executable Code Sets) Tested Module Identification
• Hybrid Disjoint Hardware: © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

N/A for this module. Tested Operational Environments - Software, Firmware, Hybrid: N/A 5.14.0Enterprise N/A 5.14.0Enterprise N/A 5.14.0Enterprise N/A 5.14.0Enterprise IBM 9080IBM 5.14.0Enterprise Table 3: Tested Operational Environments - Software, Firmware, Hybrid Vendor-Affirmed Operational Environments - Software, Firmware, Hybrid: Table 4: Vendor-Affirmed Operational Environments - Software, Firmware, Hybrid CMVP makes no statement as to the correct operation of the module or the security strengths of the generated keys when so ported if the specific operational environment is not listed on the validation certificate.

There are no components within the cryptographic boundary excluded from the FIPS 140-3 requirements.

Modes List and Description: © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

Nonapproved Table 5: Modes List and Description After passing all pre-operational self-tests and cryptographic algorithm self-tests executed on start-up, the module automatically transitions to the approved mode. No operator intervention is required to reach this point. Mode Change Instructions and Status [O]: The module automatically switches between the approved and non-approved modes depending on the services requested by the operator. The status indicator of the mode of The module does not implement a degraded mode of operation.

Approved Algorithms: © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

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© 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

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Table 6: Approved Algorithms Vendor-Affirmed Algorithms: N/A for this module. Non-Approved, Allowed Algorithms: N/A for this module. Non-Approved, Allowed Algorithms with No Security Claimed: N/A for this module. Non-Approved, Not Allowed Algorithms: Table 7: Non-Approved, Not Allowed Algorithms

© 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

2.0 2.0 HMAC-SHA2224 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMAC-SHA2224 HMAC-SHA2224 HMAC-SHA2224 HMAC-SHA2224 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA3224 HMAC-SHA3224 HMAC-SHA3256 HMAC-SHA3256 HMAC-SHA3384 HMAC-SHA3384 HMAC-SHA3512 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMAC-SHA3512 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2256 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMAC-SHA2256 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2384 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 HMAC-SHA2512 Table 8: Security Function Implementations

Legacy use: Digital Signature Verification with SHA-1 is allowed for legacy use only. The Crypto Officer shall consider the following requirements and restrictions when using the module. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

For IPsec, the module offers the AES GCM implementation and uses the context of Scenario

1 of FIPS 140-3 IG C.H. The mechanism for IV generation is compliant with RFC 4106. IVs

generated using this mechanism may only be used in the context of AES GCM encryption within the IPsec protocol. The module does not implement IPsec. The module’s implementation of AES GCM is used together with an application that runs outside the module’s cryptographic boundary. This application must use RFC 7296 compliant IKEv2 to establish the shared secret SKEYSEED from which the AES GCM encryption keys are derived. The design of the IPsec protocol implicitly ensures that the counter (the nonce_explicit part of the IV) does not exhaust the maximum number of possible values for a given session key. In the event the module’s power is lost and restored, the consuming application must ensure that a new key for use with the AES GCM key encryption or decryption under this scenario shall be established. The module also provides a non-approved AES GCM encryption service which accepts arbitrary external IVs from the operator. This service can be requested by invoking the crypto_aead_encrypt API function with an AES GCM handle. When this is the case, the API will not set an approved service indicator, as described in section 4.3.

The length of a single data unit encrypted or decrypted with AES XTS shall not exceed 220 AES blocks, that is 16MB, of data per XTS instance. An XTS instance is defined in Section 4 of SP 800-38E. To meet the requirement stated in IG C.I, the module implements a check to ensure that the two AES keys used in AES XTS mode are not identical. The XTS mode shall only be used for the cryptographic protection of data on storage devices. It shall not be used for other purposes, such as the encryption of data in transit.

For RSA signature verification, the module supports modulus size 3072 and 4096 bits. The supported modulus size has been CAVP tested in compliance in IG C.F.

The module provides SHA-3 hash functions compliant with IG C.C. Every implementation of each SHA-3 function was tested and validated on all the module’s operating environments. SHAKE functions are not implemented. SHA-3 hash functions are also used as part of a higher-level algorithm for HMAC.

Table 9: Entropy Certificates © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

NonPhysical Table 10: Entropy Sources The module implements three different Deterministic Random Bit Generator (DRBG) implementations based on SP 800-90Ar1: CTR_DRBG, Hash_DRBG, and HMAC_DRBG. Each of these DRBG implementations can be instantiated by the operator of the module. When instantiated, these DRBGs can be used to generate random numbers for external usage. Additionally, the module employs a specific HMAC-SHA2-512 DRBG implementation for internal purposes (e.g. to generate initialization vectors). This DRBG is initially seeded with

384 output bits from the entropy source (357 bits of entropy) and reseeded with 256 output

bits from the entropy source (238 bits of entropy).

The module does not provide key generation.

As permitted by IG D.G, the module provides key transport methods by using AES-GCM encryption mode in the context of IPsec protocol.

AES GCM with internal IV generation in the approved mode is compliant with RFC 4106 and shall only be used in conjunction with the IPsec protocol. No parts of this protocol, other than the AES GCM implementation, have been tested by the CAVP and CMVP.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

Table 11: Ports and Interfaces The logical interfaces are the APIs through which the applications request services. These logical interfaces are logically separated from each other by the API design, AF_ALG type socket that allows the applications running in the user space to request cryptographic services from the module.

The module does not implement a trusted channel.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

N/A for this module. The module does not implement authentication.

Table 12: Roles The module supports the Crypto Officer role only. This sole role is implicitly and always assumed by the operator of the module. No support is provided for multiple concurrent operators.

a g s e d g o

• W,E C W,E
• W,E C © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

s W,E

• W,E
• W,E
• W,E t n t
• W,E n e; e
• W,E C W,E © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

n n s e

• W,E C W,E
• W,E G G,E G (V, G,W, E G (V, C): G,W, E o © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

noncryptogra s n s o r,

• N/A
• N/A N/A o o © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

n N/A s

• Z C Z Z G (V, Z G (V, C): Z G Z Table 13: Approved Services The table above lists the approved services. The following convention is used to specify access rights to SSPs:
• Generate (G): The module generates or derives the SSP.
• Read (R): The SSP is read from the module (e.g. the SSP is output).
• Write (W): The SSP is updated, imported, or written to the module.
• Execute (E): The module uses the SSP in performing a cryptographic operation. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

• Zeroize (Z): The module zeroizes the SSP.

Table 14: Non-Approved Services

The module does not load external software or firmware.

The module does not implement a bypass capability.

The module does not implement a self-initiated cryptographic output capability.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

The Linux kernel binary is integrity tested using an HMAC-SHA2-512 calculation performed by the sha512hmac utility (which utilizes the module’s HMAC and SHA-512 implementations). An HMAC-SHA2-512 calculation is also performed on the sha512hmac utility and the libkcapi library to verify their integrity. The kernel crypto object files listed in section 2.2 are loaded on start-up by the module and verified using RSA signature verification with PKCS#1 v1.5 padding, SHA-256, and a 3072-bit key.

Integrity tests are performed as part of the pre-operational self-tests, which are executed when the module is initialized. The integrity tests can be invoked on demand by unloading and subsequently re-initializing the module, which will perform (among others) the software integrity tests.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

Type of Operational Environment: Modifiable How Requirements are Satisfied [O]: The operating system provides process isolation and memory protection mechanisms that ensure appropriate separation for memory access among the processes on the system. Each process has control over its own data and uncontrolled access to the data of other processes is prevented.

The module shall be installed as stated in Section 11.1. Instrumentation tools like the ptrace system call, gdb and strace, as well as other tracing mechanisms offered by the Linux environment such as ftrace or systemtap, shall not be used in the operational environments. The use of any of these tools implies that the cryptographic module is running in a non-validated operational environment.

The Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system is used as the basis of other products which include but are not limited to:

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS
• Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform
• Red Hat OpenStack Platform
• Red Hat OpenShift
• Red Hat Gluster Storage
• Red Hat Satellite Compliance is maintained for these products whenever the binary is found unchanged. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

N/A for this module. The module is comprised of software only and therefore this section is not applicable.

Not applicable. Table 15: EFP/EFT Information Not applicable.

Table 16: Hardness Testing Temperatures Not applicable.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

This module does not implement any non-invasive security mechanism and therefore this section is not applicable.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

Table 17: Storage Areas The module does not perform persistent storage of SSPs. The SSPs are temporarily stored in the RAM in plaintext form. SSPs are provided to the module by the calling process and are destroyed when released by the appropriate zeroization function calls.

t m c Table 18: SSP Input-Output Methods © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

Table 19: SSP Zeroization Methods All data output is inhibited during zeroization.

n h 112524288 n © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

n (V, (V, C) h Table 20: SSP Table 1 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

The SHA-1 algorithm as implemented by the module will be non-approved for all purposes, starting January 1, 2030. The RSA algorithm as implemented by the module conforms to FIPS 186-4, which has been superseded by FIPS 186-5. FIPS 186-4 will be withdrawn on February 3, 2024.

Not applicable. © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMACSHA2-512 with SHA256 Table 22: Pre-Operational Self-Tests The pre-operational software integrity tests are performed automatically when the module is powered on, before the module transitions into the operational state. The algorithms used CASTs before the integrity test is performed. While the module is executing the self-tests, services are not available, and data output (via the data output interface) is inhibited until the pre-operational software integrity self-tests are successfully completed. The module transitions to the operational state only after the pre-operational self-tests are passed successfully.

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AES-CBCCS3 AES-CBCCS3 AES-CBCCS3 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

AES-CBCCS3 AES-CBCCS3 AES-CBCCS3 AESCFB128 AESCFB128 AESCFB128 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

AESCFB128 AESCFB128 AESCFB128 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

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HMACSHA-1 HMACSHA-1 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMACSHA-1 HMACSHA-1 HMACSHA-1 HMACSHA2-224 HMACSHA2-224 HMACSHA2-224 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMACSHA2-224 HMACSHA2-224 HMACSHA2-256 HMACSHA2-256 HMACSHA2-256 HMACSHA2-256 HMACSHA2-256 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMACSHA2-384 HMACSHA2-384 HMACSHA2-384 HMACSHA2-384 HMACSHA2-384 HMACSHA2-512 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMACSHA2-512 HMACSHA2-512 HMACSHA2-512 HMACSHA2-512 HMACSHA3-224 HMACSHA3-224 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

HMACSHA3-256 HMACSHA3-256 HMACSHA3-384 HMACSHA3-384 HMACSHA3-512 HMACSHA3-512 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.

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(FIPS1864) (A3629) with SHA256 (FIPS1864) (A3645) with SHA256 (FIPS1864) (A3646) with SHA256 (FIPS1864) (A3647) with SHA256 (FIPS1864) (A3722) with SHA256 © 2024 Red Hat, Inc./ atsec information security corporation.